Proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, and antiemetics with mechanism of action and one signature side effect per card.
37 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
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They irreversibly inhibit H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells.- What is a signature long-term adverse effect of PPI use on bone health?
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Increased risk of fractures (osteoporosis-related).- Name a commonly used proton pump inhibitor drug.
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Omeprazole (or esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole).- PPI use increases the risk of which enteric infection due to reduced gastric acidity?
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Clostridioides difficile infection.- Long-term PPI use can cause deficiency of which vitamin?
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Vitamin B12.- Long-term PPI use can cause which electrolyte abnormality?
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Hypomagnesemia.- What happens to gastric acid secretion if a PPI is abruptly stopped after chronic use?
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Rebound acid hypersecretion.- Omeprazole can reduce the efficacy of which antiplatelet drug via CYP2C19 inhibition?
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Clopidogrel.- When should PPIs be taken relative to meals for best effect?
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Before meals, about 30 to 60 minutes prior.- What is the mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists?
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They reversibly block histamine H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.- Which H2 blocker causes antiandrogenic effects such as gynecomastia and impotence?
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Cimetidine.- Why does cimetidine cause many drug interactions?
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It potently inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes.- Which H2 blocker is preferred for having the fewest CYP450 drug interactions and CNS effects?
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Famotidine.- Why can cimetidine cause confusion in elderly or renally impaired patients?
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It crosses the blood-brain barrier and can accumulate with reduced renal clearance.- What pharmacologic phenomenon limits the long-term effectiveness of H2 blockers?
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Tachyphylaxis, meaning tolerance develops with chronic use.
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