Proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, and antiemetics with mechanism of action and one signature side effect per card.
37 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
- They irreversibly inhibit H+/K+-ATPase in gastric parietal cells.
- What is a signature long-term adverse effect of PPI use on bone health?
- Increased risk of fractures (osteoporosis-related).
- Name a commonly used proton pump inhibitor drug.
- Omeprazole (or esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole).
- PPI use increases the risk of which enteric infection due to reduced gastric acidity?
- Clostridioides difficile infection.
- Long-term PPI use can cause deficiency of which vitamin?
- Vitamin B12.
- Long-term PPI use can cause which electrolyte abnormality?
- Hypomagnesemia.
- What happens to gastric acid secretion if a PPI is abruptly stopped after chronic use?
- Rebound acid hypersecretion.
- Omeprazole can reduce the efficacy of which antiplatelet drug via CYP2C19 inhibition?
- Clopidogrel.
- When should PPIs be taken relative to meals for best effect?
- Before meals, about 30 to 60 minutes prior.
- What is the mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists?
- They reversibly block histamine H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
- Which H2 blocker causes antiandrogenic effects such as gynecomastia and impotence?
- Cimetidine.
- Why does cimetidine cause many drug interactions?
- It potently inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes.
- Which H2 blocker is preferred for having the fewest CYP450 drug interactions and CNS effects?
- Famotidine.
- Why can cimetidine cause confusion in elderly or renally impaired patients?
- It crosses the blood-brain barrier and can accumulate with reduced renal clearance.
- What pharmacologic phenomenon limits the long-term effectiveness of H2 blockers?
- Tachyphylaxis, meaning tolerance develops with chronic use.