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Pharmacology · USMLE Step 1

USMLE Pharmacology: Musculoskeletal and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

NSAIDs, DMARDs, and gout medications with mechanism of action and one signature side effect per card.

38 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.

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Aspirin irreversibly inhibits ____ enzymes by acetylation, blocking prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.
cyclooxygenase (COX)
What serious pediatric syndrome is linked to aspirin use during a viral illness?
Reye syndrome (hepatic failure and encephalopathy)
What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen?
Reversible, nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Ibuprofen can rarely cause what CNS complication, especially in patients with lupus?
Aseptic meningitis
What is the mechanism of action of naproxen?
Nonselective, reversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
What is a signature adverse effect of naproxen, like other NSAIDs?
Gastric ulceration and GI bleeding
What is the mechanism of action of indomethacin?
Nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibition (potent NSAID)
Indomethacin is notorious among NSAIDs for causing which class of adverse effects most severely?
Severe GI toxicity (ulceration and bleeding)
What is the mechanism of action of ketorolac?
Potent, nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibition
What signature adverse effect limits ketorolac use to 5 days or less?
Acute kidney injury (nephrotoxicity)
What is the mechanism of action of celecoxib?
Selective inhibition of COX-2, sparing COX-1 and platelet thromboxane A2
Celecoxib carries an increased risk of ____ due to selective COX-2 inhibition.
myocardial infarction and stroke
What is the mechanism of action of diclofenac?
Nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Diclofenac has the highest risk among NSAIDs of causing what organ toxicity?
Hepatotoxicity (elevated liver enzymes)
What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
Inhibits COX mainly in the central nervous system, with minimal peripheral anti-inflammatory effect

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