Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion principles and dose-response curve concepts tested on USMLE Step 1, as cloze cards with each term defined.
40 cards · cloze cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Bioavailability is defined as the ____.
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fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation unchanged- An intravenously administered drug has a bioavailability of ____.
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100 percent- First-pass metabolism refers to ____.
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hepatic and intestinal metabolism of an orally absorbed drug before it reaches the systemic circulation- Volume of distribution (Vd) is defined as ____.
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the amount of drug in the body divided by the plasma drug concentration- A drug that is highly bound to plasma proteins tends to have a ____ volume of distribution.
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low- A highly lipophilic drug that distributes extensively into tissues tends to have a ____ volume of distribution.
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high- The loading dose of a drug is calculated as ____.
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Vd multiplied by target plasma concentration, divided by bioavailability- The maintenance dose of a drug is calculated as ____.
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clearance multiplied by target plasma concentration, divided by bioavailability- Half-life is defined as ____.
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the time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half- It takes approximately ____ half-lives for a drug given at a constant rate to reach steady-state plasma concentration.
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4 to 5- In zero-order kinetics, ____.
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a constant amount of drug is eliminated per unit time, independent of plasma concentration- Phenytoin, ethanol, and high-dose aspirin are classic examples of drugs that follow ____ elimination kinetics.
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zero-order- In first-order kinetics, ____.
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a constant fraction (percentage) of the drug is eliminated per unit time- Clearance is defined as ____.
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the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time- Clearance can be calculated as ____.
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the rate of drug elimination divided by the plasma drug concentration
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