Shock recognition, ACLS algorithm steps, and resuscitation management scenarios tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
34 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the clinical definition of shock?
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A state of inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery relative to metabolic demand- In hypovolemic shock, what happens to cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
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Cardiac output decreases and SVR increases (compensatory vasoconstriction)- In cardiogenic shock, what happens to cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
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Cardiac output decreases and PCWP increases- In early septic (distributive) shock, what happens to cardiac output and SVR?
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Cardiac output is normal or increased, and SVR decreases- Name the three classic causes of obstructive shock.
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Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive pulmonary embolism- Beck's triad of cardiac tamponade consists of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and ____.
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jugular venous distension- What physical exam finding differentiates tension pneumothorax from cardiac tamponade, since both cause hypotension and jugular venous distension?
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Tension pneumothorax causes absent breath sounds and tracheal deviation away from the affected side; tamponade does not- Where is a needle decompression classically performed for tension pneumothorax?
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Second intercostal space, midclavicular line- What is the first-line vasopressor for septic shock?
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Norepinephrine- How much crystalloid fluid should be given in the first 3 hours of septic shock resuscitation?
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30 mL/kg- List the three components of the qSOFA score.
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Respiratory rate of 22 or higher, altered mentation, and systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or lower- Why is an elevated serum lactate significant in a patient with shock?
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It indicates tissue hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism- Neurogenic shock from spinal cord injury typically causes hypotension with what heart rate finding?
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Bradycardia, not the reflex tachycardia seen in other types of shock- What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
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Intramuscular epinephrine- Which two cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
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Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
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