Shock recognition, ACLS algorithm steps, and resuscitation management scenarios tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the clinical definition of shock?
- A state of inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery relative to metabolic demand
- In hypovolemic shock, what happens to cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
- Cardiac output decreases and SVR increases (compensatory vasoconstriction)
- In cardiogenic shock, what happens to cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)?
- Cardiac output decreases and PCWP increases
- In early septic (distributive) shock, what happens to cardiac output and SVR?
- Cardiac output is normal or increased, and SVR decreases
- Name the three classic causes of obstructive shock.
- Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive pulmonary embolism
- Beck's triad of cardiac tamponade consists of hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and ____.
- jugular venous distension
- What physical exam finding differentiates tension pneumothorax from cardiac tamponade, since both cause hypotension and jugular venous distension?
- Tension pneumothorax causes absent breath sounds and tracheal deviation away from the affected side; tamponade does not
- Where is a needle decompression classically performed for tension pneumothorax?
- Second intercostal space, midclavicular line
- What is the first-line vasopressor for septic shock?
- Norepinephrine
- How much crystalloid fluid should be given in the first 3 hours of septic shock resuscitation?
- 30 mL/kg
- List the three components of the qSOFA score.
- Respiratory rate of 22 or higher, altered mentation, and systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or lower
- Why is an elevated serum lactate significant in a patient with shock?
- It indicates tissue hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism
- Neurogenic shock from spinal cord injury typically causes hypotension with what heart rate finding?
- Bradycardia, not the reflex tachycardia seen in other types of shock
- What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?
- Intramuscular epinephrine
- Which two cardiac arrest rhythms are shockable?
- Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia