Opportunistic fungal infection presentations in immunocompromised patients tested on USMLE Step 1, distinct from the classification focus of the fungi and parasites deck.
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- What fungal infection causes white plaques in the mouth of HIV patients?
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Oral candidiasis (thrush)- Esophageal candidiasis (an AIDS-defining illness) typically occurs below what CD4 count?
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Below 100 cells/microL- What symptom is classic for Candida esophagitis?
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Odynophagia (painful swallowing)- Endoscopy in Candida esophagitis classically shows what finding?
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White, adherent plaques on the esophageal mucosa- Cryptococcus neoformans is acquired by inhaling spores from soil contaminated with ____.
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pigeon droppings- What CNS infection does Cryptococcus neoformans commonly cause in AIDS patients?
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Cryptococcal meningitis- What CSF stain reveals Cryptococcus as a yeast with a clear halo around it?
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India ink stain- What rapid test, more sensitive than India ink, is used to diagnose cryptococcal infection?
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Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test- What special histologic stain highlights Cryptococcus's capsule in tissue sections?
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Mucicarmine stain- What is the first-line induction therapy for cryptococcal meningitis?
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Amphotericin B plus flucytosine- What polysaccharide makes up the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule?
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Glucuronoxylomannan- What opportunistic mold causes invasive infection in neutropenic and transplant patients?
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Aspergillus fumigatus- On histology, Aspergillus hyphae are septate and branch at what characteristic angle?
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Acute angles, about 45 degrees- A fungus ball that colonizes a pre-existing lung cavity, such as an old TB cavity, is called what?
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An aspergilloma- What allergic lung condition, seen in asthma and cystic fibrosis patients, is caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus?
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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
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