Diabetes, thyroid, and hormone replacement drug classes with mechanism and one signature side effect per card.
About this set
36 mixed cards for USMLE Step 1 Pharmacology. Set 10 of 19 in USMLE Pharmacology. It opens with "What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?" and "What serious adverse effect is linked to metformin, especially with renal". Study it alongside the other USMLE Step 1 sets below.
36 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin?
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Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis- What serious adverse effect is linked to metformin, especially with renal impairment?
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Lactic acidosis- How do sulfonylureas such as glipizide and glyburide stimulate insulin release?
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They close ATP-sensitive potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells- Because sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release regardless of glucose level, their most common adverse effect is ____.
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hypoglycemia- Besides hypoglycemia, what other adverse effect is common with sulfonylureas?
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Weight gain- Thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone) act as agonists at which nuclear receptor?
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PPAR-gamma- What adverse effect makes thiazolidinediones risky in patients with heart failure?
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Fluid retention and edema- What enzyme do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin block?
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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)- What potential adverse effect is associated with DPP-4 inhibitors?
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Pancreatitis- What gastrointestinal side effect is most common with GLP-1 receptor agonists?
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Nausea and vomiting- What is the mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin?
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They block glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule- SGLT2 inhibitors can cause a rare complication called ____, where ketoacidosis occurs despite near-normal blood glucose.
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euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis- What is the mechanism of action of acarbose?
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Inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase, delaying carbohydrate absorption- Besides hypoglycemia, what electrolyte abnormality can insulin therapy cause?
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Hypokalemia- What hormone deficiency does levothyroxine treat?
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Hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone, T4, deficiency)
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