GI tract, liver, and pancreas pathology with classic histologic findings, inflammatory bowel disease patterns, and hepatic disease morphology. Original cards testing the underlying concepts.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What type of epithelial change defines Barrett esophagus?
- Replacement of normal stratified squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium containing goblet cells (intestinal metaplasia).
- Barrett esophagus significantly increases the risk of which cancer?
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma.
- Achalasia is caused by loss of inhibitory ganglion cells in the ____, preventing the lower esophageal sphincter from relaxing.
- myenteric (Auerbach) plexus
- What underlying condition causes esophageal varices?
- Portal hypertension, which dilates submucosal veins in the lower esophagus.
- What is Boerhaave syndrome?
- A transmural rupture of the esophagus, usually caused by forceful vomiting.
- What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
- Mucosal, non-transmural lacerations at the gastroesophageal junction caused by forceful vomiting.
- What are the two major risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
- Alcohol use and tobacco use.
- In which part of the esophagus does adenocarcinoma typically arise?
- The lower third, usually from preexisting Barrett esophagus.
- A Curling ulcer is classically associated with which clinical setting?
- Severe burns.
- A Cushing ulcer is classically associated with which clinical setting?
- Increased intracranial pressure.
- H. pylori infection is most strongly associated with which histologic type of gastric adenocarcinoma?
- Intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma.
- Menetrier disease is characterized by massive hyperplasia of gastric mucous cells, producing ____.
- giant, hypertrophied rugae
- What histologic feature defines a signet ring cell in gastric carcinoma?
- A large intracytoplasmic mucin vacuole that pushes the nucleus to the periphery of the cell.
- What small bowel histologic findings are seen in celiac disease?
- Villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.
- Which antibody is used to screen for celiac disease?
- Anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA.