Major joint structures, ligaments, and movement mechanics for physical therapy students.
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- What type of structure connects bone to bone at a joint?
- A ligament
- What type of structure connects muscle to bone?
- A tendon
- What fluid lubricates a synovial joint?
- Synovial fluid
- What tough outer layer encloses and stabilizes a synovial joint?
- The joint capsule (fibrous capsule)
- What smooth tissue covers the ends of bones inside a synovial joint?
- Articular cartilage
- What are the three structural classifications of joints?
- Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
- What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
- Prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
- What is the primary function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
- Prevents posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur
- Which knee ligament resists valgus (inward-bending) stress?
- The medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Which knee ligament resists varus (outward-bending) stress?
- The lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- What are the two C-shaped cartilage pads inside the knee joint called?
- The menisci (medial and lateral meniscus)
- What type of joint is the knee?
- A modified hinge joint
- What type of joint is the hip?
- A ball and socket joint
- Name the three ligaments that reinforce the hip joint capsule.
- The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments
- What ring of fibrocartilage deepens the hip socket?
- The acetabular labrum