Major joint structures, ligaments, and movement mechanics for physical therapy students.
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- What type of structure connects bone to bone at a joint?
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A ligament- What type of structure connects muscle to bone?
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A tendon- What fluid lubricates a synovial joint?
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Synovial fluid- What tough outer layer encloses and stabilizes a synovial joint?
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The joint capsule (fibrous capsule)- What smooth tissue covers the ends of bones inside a synovial joint?
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Articular cartilage- What are the three structural classifications of joints?
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Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints- What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
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Prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur- What is the primary function of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
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Prevents posterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur- Which knee ligament resists valgus (inward-bending) stress?
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The medial collateral ligament (MCL)- Which knee ligament resists varus (outward-bending) stress?
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The lateral collateral ligament (LCL)- What are the two C-shaped cartilage pads inside the knee joint called?
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The menisci (medial and lateral meniscus)- What type of joint is the knee?
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A modified hinge joint- What type of joint is the hip?
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A ball and socket joint- Name the three ligaments that reinforce the hip joint capsule.
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The iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments- What ring of fibrocartilage deepens the hip socket?
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The acetabular labrum
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