Hypersensitivity reaction types, autoimmune disease morphology, and amyloidosis patterns as tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Which antibody class mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
- IgE
- Which cell type degranulates to release histamine in Type I hypersensitivity?
- Mast cells (and basophils)
- What is a classic clinical example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
- Anaphylaxis
- How quickly does a Type I hypersensitivity reaction typically develop after antigen exposure?
- Within minutes
- In Type II hypersensitivity, what does the antibody bind to?
- Antigens directly on a cell surface or in the extracellular matrix
- What is a classic example of a Type II hypersensitivity disease?
- Goodpasture syndrome
- What is the mechanism of Type III hypersensitivity?
- Antigen-antibody immune complexes deposit in tissue and activate complement
- What is a classic example of Type III hypersensitivity?
- Serum sickness
- What is the mechanism of Type IV hypersensitivity?
- T cell mediated, without antibody involvement
- Type IV hypersensitivity is also known by what name, based on its timing?
- Delayed-type hypersensitivity
- In Goodpasture syndrome, autoantibodies target which structural protein?
- Type IV collagen in the basement membrane
- What is the most sensitive autoantibody screening test for systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
- What autoantibody is most specific for systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA)
- What is the most severe pattern of lupus nephritis seen on renal biopsy?
- Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
- What characteristic facial rash occurs in systemic lupus erythematosus?
- Malar (butterfly) rash