Cell injury, inflammation, wound healing, and neoplasia vocabulary that underlies every organ-specific pathology topic, one concept per card.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the earliest reversible morphologic change in cell injury caused by ATP depletion?
- Cellular (hydropic) swelling
- Which type of necrosis is typical of ischemic infarction in most organs except the brain?
- Coagulative necrosis
- Which type of necrosis is characteristic of brain infarcts and bacterial abscesses?
- Liquefactive necrosis
- What type of necrosis produces a cheese-like appearance and is classically seen in tuberculosis granulomas?
- Caseous necrosis
- What type of necrosis occurs in acute pancreatitis when lipases break down peripancreatic fat?
- Fat necrosis
- What process forms chalky white deposits during fat necrosis?
- Saponification, calcium binding to released fatty acids
- What type of necrosis involves fibrin-like protein deposition in vessel walls and is seen in vasculitis or malignant hypertension?
- Fibrinoid necrosis
- By what mechanism do free radicals damage cell membranes?
- Lipid peroxidation
- What term describes additional cell damage caused by free radicals when blood flow is restored after ischemia?
- Reperfusion injury
- Cyanide causes cell injury by inhibiting which mitochondrial enzyme complex?
- Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
- What are the five cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- Redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function
- Which leukocyte predominates in the first 24 to 48 hours of acute inflammation?
- Neutrophils
- Which two cell types predominate in chronic inflammation?
- Macrophages and lymphocytes
- What is the correct order of steps in leukocyte extravasation from blood vessels?
- Margination, rolling, adhesion, transmigration
- Which adhesion molecules mediate the rolling of leukocytes along endothelium?
- Selectins