Eye pathology morphology including cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal disease, one finding per card.
32 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is a cataract?
- Opacification of the lens
- What is the most common cause of cataracts?
- Aging (senile cataract)
- What causes cataracts in diabetes mellitus?
- Osmotic damage from sorbitol accumulation in the lens
- What causes cataracts in galactosemia?
- Galactitol accumulation in the lens
- What congenital infection classically causes cataracts?
- Congenital rubella infection
- What type of cataract is associated with prolonged corticosteroid use?
- Posterior subcapsular cataract
- What chromosomal disorder is associated with early cataracts?
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- What is the most common type of glaucoma?
- Primary open-angle glaucoma
- What is the underlying mechanism of open-angle glaucoma?
- Increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork
- What is the underlying mechanism of angle-closure glaucoma?
- The iris blocks the anterior chamber drainage angle, obstructing aqueous outflow
- Which race is at increased risk for primary open-angle glaucoma?
- African American
- What optic disc finding is seen in glaucoma?
- Increased cupping of the optic disc (increased cup-to-disc ratio)
- What visual field pattern results from chronic glaucoma?
- Progressive peripheral vision loss leading to tunnel vision
- What class of drugs can precipitate acute angle-closure glaucoma?
- Anticholinergics
- What are the two types of diabetic retinopathy?
- Nonproliferative and proliferative