Granulomatous and other classic tissue response patterns to infection, distinct from the organism-identification focus of the Microbiology decks.
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- What is the general term for a nodular collection of activated macrophages (epithelioid histiocytes) that forms in response to persistent, poorly degradable antigens?
- Granulomatous inflammation (granuloma)
- What cell type do epithelioid histiocytes differentiate from?
- Activated macrophages
- How do epithelioid histiocytes appear histologically?
- Abundant pink cytoplasm with elongated, slipper-shaped nuclei
- How are the nuclei arranged in a Langhans giant cell?
- In a peripheral horseshoe or ring pattern around the edge of the cell
- How are the nuclei arranged in a foreign body giant cell?
- Scattered haphazardly throughout the cytoplasm
- What organism classically causes caseating granulomas?
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- What is the gross (naked-eye) appearance of caseous necrosis?
- Soft, friable, cheese-like white-yellow material
- How does caseous necrosis appear under the microscope?
- Amorphous, structureless eosinophilic debris with no visible cell outlines
- What is a Ghon focus?
- A peripheral lung granuloma marking the initial site of primary tuberculosis infection
- A Ghon focus plus involvement of what structure together make up a Ghon complex?
- The ipsilateral hilar lymph node
- What is a Ghon complex called once it becomes calcified and fibrotic?
- Ranke complex
- Describe the gross pattern of miliary tuberculosis.
- Numerous small (1-2 mm), yellow-white granulomas scattered throughout the organ
- What term describes a granuloma that lacks central necrotic debris?
- Noncaseating granuloma
- Which systemic disease of unknown cause classically produces noncaseating granulomas in multiple organs?
- Sarcoidosis
- Which inflammatory bowel disease is associated with noncaseating granulomas in the bowel wall?
- Crohn disease