Oral cavity, salivary gland, and laryngeal pathology morphology, distinct from the thyroid focus of the endocrine pathology deck.
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- What is an aphthous ulcer?
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A recurrent, painful, non-infectious oral mucosal ulcer (canker sore).- Recurrent aphthous ulcers are classically associated with which two systemic diseases?
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Behcet disease and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease).- What organism causes oral candidiasis (thrush)?
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Candida albicans.- How do you distinguish oral candidiasis from leukoplakia on exam?
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Candidiasis plaques scrape off; leukoplakia does not.- Define oral leukoplakia.
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A white mucosal patch that cannot be scraped off and cannot be attributed to another diagnosis; it is a precancerous lesion.- How does erythroplakia differ from leukoplakia in malignant potential?
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Erythroplakia (a red patch) carries a much higher risk of dysplasia or carcinoma than leukoplakia.- What virus causes oral hairy leukoplakia?
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).- Where on the oral mucosa does oral hairy leukoplakia classically appear?
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The lateral tongue.- What is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity?
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Squamous cell carcinoma.- What are the two major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma?
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Tobacco use and alcohol use.- What is actinic cheilitis?
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A precancerous lesion of the lip caused by chronic sun exposure.- What virus reactivates to cause herpes labialis (cold sores)?
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).- What causes an oral mucocele?
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Rupture of a minor salivary gland duct, causing mucin to pool in the surrounding connective tissue.- What is a ranula?
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A mucocele arising from the sublingual gland, presenting as a swelling on the floor of the mouth.- What is a pyogenic granuloma of the gingiva sometimes called, given its association with pregnancy?
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A pregnancy tumor (granuloma gravidarum).
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