Pap smear, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and the Bethesda cervical screening system, a lab-method deck distinct from the biopsy-morphology focus of the organ-specific pathology decks.
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- What type of cells does a conventional Pap smear sample from the cervix?
- Exfoliated cells from the cervical transformation zone.
- What is the primary purpose of a Pap smear?
- To screen for precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.
- Who developed the Pap smear technique?
- George Papanicolaou.
- What is the cervical transformation zone?
- The junction between squamous epithelium of the ectocervix and columnar epithelium of the endocervix.
- At what age does average-risk cervical cancer screening typically begin?
- Age 21.
- How often should average-risk women aged 21 to 29 be screened with cytology alone?
- Every 3 years.
- What is the preferred screening strategy for average-risk women aged 30 to 65?
- Cytology plus HPV co-testing every 5 years.
- Which two HPV genotypes are most strongly linked to cervical cancer?
- HPV 16 and 18.
- What cytologic feature is characteristic of HPV-infected squamous cells?
- Koilocytes: cells with a perinuclear halo, nuclear enlargement, and hyperchromasia.
- What does the Bethesda system standardize?
- Reporting terminology for cervical cytology results.
- What does the Bethesda category ASC-US stand for?
- Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.
- What does the Bethesda category ASC-H mean?
- Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.
- Which histologic lesion does LSIL correspond to?
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (mild dysplasia).
- Which histologic lesions does HSIL correspond to?
- CIN 2 and CIN 3 (moderate to severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ).
- What does the Bethesda category AGC stand for?
- Atypical glandular cells.