A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield reproductive endocrinology and pathology facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What effect does pulsatile GnRH secretion have on the anterior pituitary?
- It stimulates LH and FSH release
- What happens to LH and FSH secretion when GnRH is given continuously instead of pulsatile?
- Secretion is suppressed (GnRH receptor downregulation)
- What event triggers ovulation?
- The LH surge
- In the two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory, LH stimulates theca cells to make androgens, which granulosa cells then ____ under FSH stimulation.
- aromatize into estrogen
- What hormone from granulosa cells (and Sertoli cells) selectively suppresses FSH secretion?
- Inhibin B
- What protein do Sertoli cells secrete to keep local testosterone concentrations high for spermatogenesis?
- Androgen-binding protein
- Which testicular cells produce testosterone in response to LH?
- Leydig cells
- What structural feature do hCG, LH, FSH, and TSH share?
- An identical alpha subunit (each has a unique beta subunit for specificity)
- 5-alpha-reductase deficiency: genotype and typical genital appearance at birth?
- 46,XY with ambiguous or female-appearing external genitalia (normal testosterone, low DHT)
- Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: genotype and phenotype?
- 46,XY with testes present, female external genitalia, and an absent uterus with a blind-ending vaginal pouch
- What is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- 21-hydroxylase deficiency
- How does classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency present in genetic female infants?
- Ambiguous genitalia from androgen excess, often with salt-wasting
- Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): key clinical features?
- Testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, and infertility
- Turner syndrome (45,X0): key clinical features?
- Streak ovaries, short stature, and webbed neck
- What are the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosing PCOS?
- 2 of 3: oligo/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound