Reproductive endocrinology, menstrual cycle physiology, and classic reproductive tract pathology tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Where is GnRH secreted from?
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The hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus)- What happens to gonadotropin release with continuous, non-pulsatile GnRH administration?
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It is suppressed (downregulates GnRH receptors)- What is the primary action of FSH on the ovarian follicle?
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Stimulates granulosa cell growth and estrogen production- What hormonal event triggers ovulation?
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The LH surge- In the two cell, two gonadotropin model, ____ cells produce androgens in response to LH stimulation.
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theca- Granulosa cells convert androgens into estrogen using the enzyme ____, under FSH stimulation.
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aromatase- Which hormone dominates the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
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Estrogen, from the dominant follicle- Which hormone dominates the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
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Progesterone, from the corpus luteum- What effect does progesterone have on the endometrium?
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Converts it to a secretory, glandular state- What effect does estrogen have on the endometrium?
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Drives proliferation of glands and stroma- What happens to basal body temperature after ovulation?
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It rises, due to progesterone- What hormone maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?
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hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin- What cell type produces hCG?
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Syncytiotrophoblast- What is the function of inhibin B?
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Inhibits FSH secretion (from granulosa cells in females, Sertoli cells in males)- How does prolactin affect the reproductive axis?
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Inhibits GnRH release, causing lactational amenorrhea
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