Nephron segment transport function paired with the diuretic class that acts there and its mechanism.
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- Which nephron segment reabsorbs about 65-70% of the filtered sodium and water?
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The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).- What transporter in the early proximal tubule reabsorbs filtered glucose?
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SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2).- Which diuretic class acts in the proximal convoluted tubule?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.- What is the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in the PCT?
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They inhibit carbonic anhydrase, reducing bicarbonate reabsorption.- What acid-base disturbance results from carbonic anhydrase inhibitor use?
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Metabolic acidosis.- What ophthalmic condition is acetazolamide commonly used to treat?
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Glaucoma.- What condition can acetazolamide help prevent at high elevation?
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Altitude sickness.- What is the mechanism of osmotic diuretics like mannitol?
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They increase tubular fluid osmolarity, limiting passive water reabsorption, mainly in the proximal tubule and descending limb.- What is a major clinical use of mannitol?
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Treating cerebral edema or elevated intracranial or intraocular pressure.- Which segment of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to water?
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The thin descending limb.- Which segment of the loop of Henle is permeable to NaCl but impermeable to water?
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The thin ascending limb.- What transporter sits on the luminal membrane of the thick ascending limb (TAL)?
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The Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2).- Is the thick ascending limb permeable to water?
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No, it is impermeable to water.- Which diuretic class inhibits the NKCC2 cotransporter in the thick ascending limb?
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Loop diuretics, such as furosemide.- Which loop diuretic is preferred in patients with a sulfa allergy?
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Ethacrynic acid.
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