Endocrine gland pathology and tumor morphology (thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, pancreatic islet), distinct from the hormone-axis focused USMLE Endocrine deck.
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- What is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma?
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Papillary thyroid carcinoma- What nuclear feature is characteristic of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells?
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Empty-appearing nuclei with central clearing (Orphan Annie eye nuclei)- Psammoma bodies, concentric calcified structures, are a histologic feature of ____.
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papillary thyroid carcinoma- What nuclear feature, besides clearing, helps identify papillary thyroid carcinoma cells?
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Nuclear grooves (longitudinal folds in the nucleus)- How is follicular thyroid carcinoma distinguished from a follicular adenoma?
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By capsular and/or vascular invasion seen on histology- What is the primary route of metastasis for follicular thyroid carcinoma?
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Hematogenous spread- Medullary thyroid carcinoma arises from which cell type?
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Parafollicular C cells- What hormone is secreted by medullary thyroid carcinoma?
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Calcitonin- Medullary thyroid carcinoma is associated with which familial syndromes?
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MEN2A and MEN2B- What substance forms the stroma of medullary thyroid carcinoma?
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Amyloid, derived from deposited calcitonin- Which thyroid carcinoma subtype is most aggressive and typically occurs in older adults?
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Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma- What cell type is characteristically seen in Hashimoto thyroiditis?
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Hurthle cells (oxyphilic cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm)- Chronic Hashimoto thyroiditis increases the risk of developing thyroid ____.
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lymphoma- What histologic finding describes the colloid in Graves disease?
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Scalloped, pale colloid margins from hyperactive follicular epithelium- What type of inflammation characterizes subacute (de Quervain) thyroiditis?
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Granulomatous inflammation
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