Bacteria and viruses (gram-positive/negative, key virus families) matched to the disease they cause and one distinguishing lab feature.
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- What gram-positive coccus is catalase-positive and coagulase-positive, causing skin infections and toxic shock syndrome?
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Staphylococcus aureus- Which gram-positive coccus is beta-hemolytic, catalase-negative, and causes pharyngitis and scarlet fever?
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Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus)- Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, and optochin-sensitive. What two serious infections does it cause?
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Pneumonia and meningitis- Enterococcus species grow in 6.5% NaCl and are PYR-positive gram-positive cocci. Name one infection they cause.
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Urinary tract infection (UTI) or endocarditis- Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, spore-forming rod. What is the disease it causes?
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Anthrax (cutaneous, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal form)- Listeria monocytogenes causes meningitis in neonates and immunocompromised patients. What is its characteristic motility at cold temperatures?
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Tumbling motility; grows during cold enrichment at 4°C- Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic gram-positive rod. What neurotoxin does it produce?
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Tetanospasmin, causing muscle rigidity and lockjaw- Clostridium botulinum produces a neurotoxin causing flaccid paralysis. What is this condition called?
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Botulism- Which anaerobic gram-positive rod produces toxins A and B, causing pseudomembranous colitis?
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Clostridium difficile- Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus. Is the oxidase test positive or negative, and what is the primary disease?
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Oxidase-positive; causes meningitis and meningococcal septicemia- Neisseria gonorrhoeae is oxidase-positive and causes what sexually transmitted infection?
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Gonorrhea (urethritis, cervicitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease)- E. coli is a gram-negative rod that ferments lactose and tests oxidase-negative. Name two infections it causes.
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Urinary tract infection and gastroenteritis- Klebsiella pneumoniae forms mucoid colonies on agar and ferments lactose. What is its primary clinical presentation?
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Pneumonia; also urinary tract infection and sepsis, especially in hospitalized patients- Proteus mirabilis is urease-positive and produces swarming motility on agar plates. What infection does it cause?
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Urinary tract infection; often associated with kidney stone formation due to urease- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is oxidase-positive and produces a distinctive green pigment. Name one type of infection it causes.
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Wound infection, respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis, or nosocomial sepsis
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