Fetal heart rate pattern interpretation and labor complication management scenarios tested on USMLE Step 2 CK.
33 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What causes early decelerations in FHR tracings?
- Fetal head compression
- How do early decelerations relate in timing to uterine contractions?
- They mirror the contraction: onset, nadir, and recovery coincide with the contraction's start, peak, and end
- What causes variable decelerations in FHR tracings?
- Umbilical cord compression
- What is the characteristic shape of variable decelerations?
- Abrupt onset and offset, with variable depth, duration, and shape (not mirroring contractions)
- What causes late decelerations in FHR tracings?
- Uteroplacental insufficiency
- How do late decelerations relate in timing to uterine contractions?
- Gradual onset after the contraction begins, nadir after the contraction's peak, and gradual return to baseline
- What does a Category I FHR tracing indicate?
- A normal tracing predictive of normal fetal acid-base status at the time of observation
- What does a Category II FHR tracing indicate?
- An indeterminate tracing, not predictive of abnormal fetal acid-base status but requiring continued surveillance
- What tracing features define a Category III FHR pattern?
- Absent baseline variability with recurrent late decelerations, recurrent variable decelerations, or bradycardia, or a sinusoidal pattern
- What is the initial management approach for a Category III FHR tracing?
- Start intrauterine resuscitation measures, and expedite delivery if there is no improvement
- A sinusoidal FHR pattern is classically associated with which fetal condition?
- Severe fetal anemia
- In intrauterine resuscitation, how should the mother be positioned?
- Left lateral decubitus position
- What fluid intervention is part of intrauterine resuscitation?
- An IV fluid bolus
- What should be done with oxytocin during intrauterine resuscitation for a nonreassuring tracing?
- Discontinue or decrease the oxytocin infusion
- What supplemental measure is given to the mother during intrauterine resuscitation?
- Supplemental oxygen