Vaccine types (live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, mRNA) and key vaccine-preventable disease facts tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- What type of vaccine contains a weakened form of a pathogen that can still replicate?
- Live attenuated vaccine
- What type of vaccine contains a killed, non-replicating pathogen?
- Inactivated (killed) vaccine
- What type of vaccine uses purified pieces of a pathogen, such as a protein or polysaccharide, instead of the whole organism?
- Subunit vaccine
- What type of vaccine uses a chemically inactivated bacterial exotoxin?
- Toxoid vaccine
- What type of vaccine chemically links a weakly immunogenic polysaccharide to a carrier protein?
- Conjugate vaccine
- What genetic material do mRNA vaccines deliver to host cells to produce a viral antigen?
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the antigen
- What type of vaccine uses a harmless virus engineered to carry genetic material for a target antigen?
- Viral vector vaccine
- Is the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the rotavirus vaccine live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the yellow fever vaccine live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the intranasal influenza vaccine (LAIV) live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the oral polio vaccine (Sabin) live attenuated or inactivated?
- Live attenuated
- Is the injectable polio vaccine (Salk) live attenuated or inactivated?
- Inactivated