Bacterial exotoxins, endotoxin, and other virulence factor mechanisms matched to the organism and disease effect they produce.
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- What is the mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin?
- ADP-ribosylates elongation factor 2 (EF-2), halting host protein synthesis
- Which organism produces diphtheria toxin?
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- What is the mechanism of action of cholera toxin?
- ADP-ribosylates Gs protein, locking adenylate cyclase on and raising cAMP, driving Cl- and water secretion
- What is the mechanism of action of pertussis toxin?
- ADP-ribosylates Gi protein, disabling it and raising cAMP
- What is the mechanism of E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT)?
- ADP-ribosylates Gs protein, increasing cAMP, the same mechanism as cholera toxin
- What is the mechanism of E. coli heat-stable toxin (ST)?
- Activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP and decreasing resorption of NaCl and water
- What is the mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A?
- ADP-ribosylates EF-2, inhibiting protein synthesis
- What is the mechanism of Shiga toxin?
- Removes an adenine from 28S rRNA, inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit and halting protein synthesis
- Which organism produces Shiga toxin?
- Shigella dysenteriae
- What is the mechanism of tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)?
- Cleaves SNARE proteins to block release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine
- What clinical effect does tetanus toxin produce?
- Spastic paralysis
- What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin?
- Cleaves SNARE proteins to block release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
- What clinical effect does botulinum toxin produce?
- Flaccid paralysis
- What are the three components of anthrax toxin?
- Protective antigen, edema factor, and lethal factor
- What is the mechanism of anthrax edema factor?
- Mimics adenylate cyclase, raising cAMP