Bacterial exotoxins, endotoxin, and other virulence factor mechanisms matched to the organism and disease effect they produce.
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- What is the mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin?
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ADP-ribosylates elongation factor 2 (EF-2), halting host protein synthesis- Which organism produces diphtheria toxin?
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae- What is the mechanism of action of cholera toxin?
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ADP-ribosylates Gs protein, locking adenylate cyclase on and raising cAMP, driving Cl- and water secretion- What is the mechanism of action of pertussis toxin?
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ADP-ribosylates Gi protein, disabling it and raising cAMP- What is the mechanism of E. coli heat-labile toxin (LT)?
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ADP-ribosylates Gs protein, increasing cAMP, the same mechanism as cholera toxin- What is the mechanism of E. coli heat-stable toxin (ST)?
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Activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP and decreasing resorption of NaCl and water- What is the mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A?
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ADP-ribosylates EF-2, inhibiting protein synthesis- What is the mechanism of Shiga toxin?
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Removes an adenine from 28S rRNA, inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit and halting protein synthesis- Which organism produces Shiga toxin?
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Shigella dysenteriae- What is the mechanism of tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)?
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Cleaves SNARE proteins to block release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine- What clinical effect does tetanus toxin produce?
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Spastic paralysis- What is the mechanism of botulinum toxin?
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Cleaves SNARE proteins to block release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction- What clinical effect does botulinum toxin produce?
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Flaccid paralysis- What are the three components of anthrax toxin?
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Protective antigen, edema factor, and lethal factor- What is the mechanism of anthrax edema factor?
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Mimics adenylate cyclase, raising cAMP
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