Neural tube formation and closure timing paired with the neural tube defect that results when each step fails.
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- What is the process called by which the neural plate folds into the neural tube?
- Neurulation
- What embryonic structure induces the overlying ectoderm to become neuroectoderm?
- The notochord
- In approximately what gestational week does neurulation begin?
- Week 3
- What flat structure of thickened neuroectoderm is the first visible sign of neural tube formation?
- The neural plate
- What paired elevations flank the neural groove as the neural plate invaginates?
- The neural folds
- The neural tube begins closing near the ____ region and proceeds in both cranial and caudal directions like a zipper.
- cervical
- On approximately what day of development does the anterior (rostral) neuropore close?
- Day 25
- On approximately what day of development does the posterior (caudal) neuropore close?
- Day 27 to 28
- Failure of closure of the anterior neuropore causes what neural tube defect?
- Anencephaly
- Failure of closure of the posterior neuropore causes what category of neural tube defect?
- Spina bifida
- In anencephaly, what happens to the forebrain tissue that is left exposed without covering neural tube?
- It degenerates in utero
- What maternal condition often accompanies anencephaly, due to the fetus's impaired swallowing reflex?
- Polyhydramnios
- What is the mildest form of spina bifida, in which the vertebral arch fails to close but no tissue herniates?
- Spina bifida occulta
- What cutaneous finding often overlies spina bifida occulta?
- A tuft of hair or a skin dimple over the lower back
- What term describes herniation of the meninges alone, without neural tissue, through a vertebral defect?
- Meningocele