Heart, gut, and urogenital system embryologic development with the classic congenital anomaly tied to each disrupted step.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What embryonic mesoderm layer gives rise to the primary heart tube?
- Splanchnic (lateral plate) mesoderm
- In normal cardiac development, which direction does the heart tube loop?
- To the right (dextral looping)
- What structures divide the atrioventricular canal into left and right AV orifices?
- Endocardial cushions
- Failure of endocardial cushion fusion causes what congenital heart defect, common in Down syndrome?
- Atrioventricular septal defect
- What fetal opening forms where septum primum and septum secundum overlap?
- The foramen ovale
- What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?
- Ostium secundum ASD
- What is the single most common congenital heart defect overall?
- Membranous ventricular septal defect
- What embryonic cell population forms the aorticopulmonary (conotruncal) septum?
- Neural crest cells
- Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral properly causes what anomaly?
- Transposition of the great vessels
- Unequal partitioning of the conotruncal septum, with anterosuperior displacement, causes what four-part anomaly?
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Complete failure of the truncus arteriosus to septate results in what anomaly?
- Persistent truncus arteriosus
- The ductus arteriosus develops from which embryonic aortic arch?
- The left 6th aortic arch
- Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth causes what anomaly, associated with congenital rubella?
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- What anatomic landmark marks the boundary between foregut and midgut derivatives?
- The major duodenal papilla (in the second part of the duodenum)
- At about week 6, the midgut physiologically herniates into what structure?
- The umbilical cord (physiologic umbilical herniation)