Heart, gut, and urogenital system embryologic development with the classic congenital anomaly tied to each disrupted step.
About this set
40 basic cards for USMLE Step 1 Embryology. Set 9 of 11 in USMLE Embryology. It opens with "What embryonic mesoderm layer gives rise to the primary heart tube?" and "In normal cardiac development, which direction does the heart tube loop?". Study it alongside the other USMLE Step 1 sets below.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What embryonic mesoderm layer gives rise to the primary heart tube?
Show answer
Splanchnic (lateral plate) mesoderm- In normal cardiac development, which direction does the heart tube loop?
Show answer
To the right (dextral looping)- What structures divide the atrioventricular canal into left and right AV orifices?
Show answer
Endocardial cushions- Failure of endocardial cushion fusion causes what congenital heart defect, common in Down syndrome?
Show answer
Atrioventricular septal defect- What fetal opening forms where septum primum and septum secundum overlap?
Show answer
The foramen ovale- What is the most common type of atrial septal defect?
Show answer
Ostium secundum ASD- What is the single most common congenital heart defect overall?
Show answer
Membranous ventricular septal defect- What embryonic cell population forms the aorticopulmonary (conotruncal) septum?
Show answer
Neural crest cells- Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral properly causes what anomaly?
Show answer
Transposition of the great vessels- Unequal partitioning of the conotruncal septum, with anterosuperior displacement, causes what four-part anomaly?
Show answer
Tetralogy of Fallot- Complete failure of the truncus arteriosus to septate results in what anomaly?
Show answer
Persistent truncus arteriosus- The ductus arteriosus develops from which embryonic aortic arch?
Show answer
The left 6th aortic arch- Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth causes what anomaly, associated with congenital rubella?
Show answer
Patent ductus arteriosus- What anatomic landmark marks the boundary between foregut and midgut derivatives?
Show answer
The major duodenal papilla (in the second part of the duodenum)- At about week 6, the midgut physiologically herniates into what structure?
Show answer
The umbilical cord (physiologic umbilical herniation)
FlashKeepers