Classic teratogens and the congenital anomaly they cause, plus critical period timing concepts tested on USMLE Step 1.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which classic teratogen causes limb reduction defects (phocomelia)?
- Thalidomide
- ACE inhibitor use in the second or third trimester causes what fetal effect?
- Fetal renal damage (renal dysplasia) and oligohydramnios
- What facial finding is classic for fetal alcohol syndrome?
- A smooth philtrum with a thin upper lip
- Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading preventable cause of what condition?
- Intellectual disability
- Which class of antibiotics is ototoxic to the developing fetus?
- Aminoglycosides
- Carbamazepine exposure in utero is associated with which anomalies?
- Neural tube defects and craniofacial defects
- Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) increases the daughter's risk of which cancer?
- Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
- Methotrexate is teratogenic because it antagonizes which vitamin?
- Folate (folic acid)
- Folate antagonist exposure in early pregnancy classically causes which defect?
- Neural tube defects
- Isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy causes what category of defects?
- Severe CNS, craniofacial, and cardiac malformations
- Which mood stabilizer causes Ebstein anomaly when taken during pregnancy?
- Lithium
- Ebstein anomaly involves apical displacement of which heart valve?
- The tricuspid valve
- Phenytoin exposure in utero produces which syndrome?
- Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft lip and palate, nail and digit hypoplasia, microcephaly)
- Tetracycline exposure after mid pregnancy causes what fetal effect?
- Discolored teeth and inhibited bone growth
- Valproate exposure in early pregnancy is strongly linked to which defect?
- Neural tube defects