Classic teratogens and the congenital anomaly they cause, plus critical period timing concepts tested on USMLE Step 1.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which classic teratogen causes limb reduction defects (phocomelia)?
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Thalidomide- ACE inhibitor use in the second or third trimester causes what fetal effect?
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Fetal renal damage (renal dysplasia) and oligohydramnios- What facial finding is classic for fetal alcohol syndrome?
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A smooth philtrum with a thin upper lip- Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading preventable cause of what condition?
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Intellectual disability- Which class of antibiotics is ototoxic to the developing fetus?
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Aminoglycosides- Carbamazepine exposure in utero is associated with which anomalies?
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Neural tube defects and craniofacial defects- Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) increases the daughter's risk of which cancer?
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina- Methotrexate is teratogenic because it antagonizes which vitamin?
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Folate (folic acid)- Folate antagonist exposure in early pregnancy classically causes which defect?
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Neural tube defects- Isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy causes what category of defects?
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Severe CNS, craniofacial, and cardiac malformations- Which mood stabilizer causes Ebstein anomaly when taken during pregnancy?
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Lithium- Ebstein anomaly involves apical displacement of which heart valve?
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The tricuspid valve- Phenytoin exposure in utero produces which syndrome?
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft lip and palate, nail and digit hypoplasia, microcephaly)- Tetracycline exposure after mid pregnancy causes what fetal effect?
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Discolored teeth and inhibited bone growth- Valproate exposure in early pregnancy is strongly linked to which defect?
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Neural tube defects
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