A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield embryology facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which germ layer forms the epidermis, CNS, and PNS?
- Ectoderm
- Which germ layer forms the GI tract lining and respiratory epithelium?
- Endoderm
- Which germ layer forms muscle, bone, and the cardiovascular system?
- Mesoderm
- The ____ induces the overlying ectoderm to form the neural plate.
- notochord
- What does the notochord become in the adult intervertebral disc?
- Nucleus pulposus
- Neural tube defects are most strongly linked to a deficiency of which vitamin?
- Folate (vitamin B9)
- Failure of the rostral neuropore to close causes which condition?
- Anencephaly
- Failure of the caudal neuropore to close causes which condition?
- Spina bifida
- An elevated maternal serum AFP most commonly suggests which type of fetal defect?
- A neural tube defect (e.g., spina bifida)
- A decreased maternal serum AFP is classically associated with which condition?
- Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
- Neural crest cells give rise to which pigment-producing skin cell?
- Melanocytes
- Neural crest cells give rise to which adrenal gland region?
- Adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)
- What gene on the Y chromosome triggers development of testes from the bipotential gonad?
- SRY gene
- Which fetal duct system develops into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles?
- Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
- Which fetal duct system develops into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina?
- Paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct