Antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and heart failure drug classes with mechanism and one signature side effect per card.
44 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
- They inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
- ACE inhibitors cause a dry cough because they raise levels of ____.
- bradykinin
- What rare but serious ACE inhibitor side effect causes swelling of the face, lips, and airway?
- Angioedema
- What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
- They block the AT1 receptor, preventing angiotensin II from binding.
- What electrolyte disturbance can ARBs cause by reducing aldosterone secretion?
- Hyperkalemia
- What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
- They inhibit the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.
- Thiazide diuretics commonly cause ____ from increased sodium delivery to the collecting duct.
- hypokalemia
- What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics such as furosemide?
- They inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
- What signature side effect of loop diuretics affects hearing?
- Ototoxicity
- What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
- It competitively antagonizes aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor in the collecting duct.
- What endocrine side effect can spironolactone cause in men?
- Gynecomastia
- What is the mechanism of action of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine?
- They block L-type calcium channels mainly in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation.
- What is a signature side effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
- Peripheral edema
- What is the mechanism of action of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil and diltiazem?
- They block L-type calcium channels mainly in the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility.
- What is a signature gastrointestinal side effect of verapamil?
- Constipation