Antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, and heart failure drug classes with mechanism and one signature side effect per card.
44 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?
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They inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, blocking conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.- ACE inhibitors cause a dry cough because they raise levels of ____.
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bradykinin- What rare but serious ACE inhibitor side effect causes swelling of the face, lips, and airway?
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Angioedema- What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
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They block the AT1 receptor, preventing angiotensin II from binding.- What electrolyte disturbance can ARBs cause by reducing aldosterone secretion?
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Hyperkalemia- What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?
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They inhibit the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule.- Thiazide diuretics commonly cause ____ from increased sodium delivery to the collecting duct.
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hypokalemia- What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics such as furosemide?
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They inhibit the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.- What signature side effect of loop diuretics affects hearing?
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Ototoxicity- What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone?
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It competitively antagonizes aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor in the collecting duct.- What endocrine side effect can spironolactone cause in men?
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Gynecomastia- What is the mechanism of action of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine?
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They block L-type calcium channels mainly in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation.- What is a signature side effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
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Peripheral edema- What is the mechanism of action of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers such as verapamil and diltiazem?
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They block L-type calcium channels mainly in the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility.- What is a signature gastrointestinal side effect of verapamil?
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Constipation
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