A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield behavioral science, ethics, and biostatistics facts for final week review.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does sensitivity measure in a diagnostic test?
- The proportion of people with the disease who correctly test positive (true positive rate).
- What does specificity measure in a diagnostic test?
- The proportion of people without the disease who correctly test negative (true negative rate).
- What mnemonic describes using a highly sensitive test to rule out disease?
- SnNout: high Sensitivity, a Negative result rules OUT disease.
- What mnemonic describes using a highly specific test to rule in disease?
- SpPin: high Specificity, a Positive result rules IN disease.
- What does positive predictive value (PPV) measure?
- The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease.
- What does negative predictive value (NPV) measure?
- The probability that a person with a negative test result truly does not have the disease.
- How does increasing disease prevalence affect a test's PPV?
- PPV increases as prevalence increases, even though sensitivity and specificity stay constant.
- What is a type I error in hypothesis testing?
- Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis (a false positive finding).
- What is a type II error in hypothesis testing?
- Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (a false negative finding).
- What is statistical power?
- The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis, equal to 1 minus beta.
- What does relative risk compare, and in which study design is it typically used?
- The incidence of disease in an exposed group versus an unexposed group, used in cohort studies.
- What does odds ratio estimate, and in which study design is it typically used?
- The odds of exposure among cases versus controls, used in case-control studies.
- What ethical principle refers to a patient's right to make decisions about their own care?
- Autonomy.
- What ethical principle obligates a physician to act in the patient's best interest?
- Beneficence.
- What ethical principle means "first, do no harm"?
- Nonmaleficence.