A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield behavioral science, ethics, and biostatistics facts for final week review.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What does sensitivity measure in a diagnostic test?
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The proportion of people with the disease who correctly test positive (true positive rate).- What does specificity measure in a diagnostic test?
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The proportion of people without the disease who correctly test negative (true negative rate).- What mnemonic describes using a highly sensitive test to rule out disease?
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SnNout: high Sensitivity, a Negative result rules OUT disease.- What mnemonic describes using a highly specific test to rule in disease?
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SpPin: high Specificity, a Positive result rules IN disease.- What does positive predictive value (PPV) measure?
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The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease.- What does negative predictive value (NPV) measure?
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The probability that a person with a negative test result truly does not have the disease.- How does increasing disease prevalence affect a test's PPV?
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PPV increases as prevalence increases, even though sensitivity and specificity stay constant.- What is a type I error in hypothesis testing?
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Incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis (a false positive finding).- What is a type II error in hypothesis testing?
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Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (a false negative finding).- What is statistical power?
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The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis, equal to 1 minus beta.- What does relative risk compare, and in which study design is it typically used?
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The incidence of disease in an exposed group versus an unexposed group, used in cohort studies.- What does odds ratio estimate, and in which study design is it typically used?
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The odds of exposure among cases versus controls, used in case-control studies.- What ethical principle refers to a patient's right to make decisions about their own care?
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Autonomy.- What ethical principle obligates a physician to act in the patient's best interest?
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Beneficence.- What ethical principle means "first, do no harm"?
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Nonmaleficence.
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