Pharmacology · USMLE Step 1

USMLE Pharmacology: CNS Drugs

Anesthetics, antiepileptics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics with mechanism and one signature side effect per card.

45 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.

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What is the mechanism of action of nitrous oxide as a general anesthetic?
NMDA receptor antagonist
Nitrous oxide can cause ____ if 100% oxygen is not given at the end of anesthesia.
diffusion hypoxia
What is the signature toxicity of halothane?
Hepatotoxicity (halothane hepatitis)
Malignant hyperthermia is triggered by volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine in patients with a ____ gene mutation.
RYR1
What drug is used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What is the mechanism of action of propofol?
Potentiates GABA-A receptor activity
What is a signature side effect of propofol?
Hypotension from myocardial depression
What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?
NMDA receptor antagonist
What signature side effect is associated with ketamine?
Emergence delirium (hallucinations on awakening)
What is a signature side effect of etomidate?
Adrenocortical suppression
What is the mechanism of action of local anesthetics?
Block voltage-gated sodium channels from the intracellular side
Ester-type local anesthetics are metabolized by plasma cholinesterase, while ____-type local anesthetics are metabolized by the liver.
amide
What is the mechanism of action of phenytoin?
Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (use-dependent)
What signature side effect is associated with phenytoin?
Gingival hyperplasia
What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?
Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels

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