Common chemistry analytes, reference ranges, and enzyme and electrolyte panels tested on ASCP clinical chemistry sections.
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- What is the normal fasting blood glucose reference range?
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Approximately 70 to 99 mg/dL- What enzyme is most specific for pancreatic injury?
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Lipase- Besides lipase, what other enzyme rises with pancreatitis?
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Amylase- Which enzyme is most liver-specific for hepatocellular injury?
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Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)- Which enzyme rises with both liver and heart or muscle injury?
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Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)- Which enzyme is elevated in cholestatic liver disease and bone disorders?
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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)- What enzyme helps distinguish a liver source of elevated ALP from a bone source?
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Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)- Which cardiac biomarker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
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Cardiac troponin (I or T)- What is creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) used to assess?
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Myocardial injury, though less specific than troponin- What is BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) used to diagnose?
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Heart failure- What is the normal reference range for serum sodium?
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Approximately 135 to 145 mEq/L- What is the normal reference range for serum potassium?
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Approximately 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L- What condition results from severely elevated serum potassium?
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Hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias- What is the anion gap used to evaluate?
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Unmeasured anions in the blood, helpful in classifying metabolic acidosis- Which two analytes, along with creatinine, are used to assess kidney function?
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
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