A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield endocrine hormone axis and pathology facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates ACTH release from the anterior pituitary?
- CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
- TRH from the hypothalamus stimulates release of which two anterior pituitary hormones?
- TSH and prolactin
- What is the primary inhibitor of prolactin secretion?
- Dopamine
- What is the core pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- Insulin resistance combined with a relative insulin deficiency
- Growth hormone's growth-promoting effects on bone and tissue are mediated mainly through ____, produced by the liver.
- IGF-1
- Where does ADH (vasopressin) act in the kidney, and what is its effect?
- The collecting duct; it increases water reabsorption
- What is the core pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- What are the classic lab findings in SIADH?
- Hyponatremia with inappropriately concentrated urine in a euvolemic patient
- How do central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus differ in their response to desmopressin?
- Central DI responds (urine concentrates); nephrogenic DI does not respond
- What is the TSH level in primary hyperthyroidism?
- Low (suppressed)
- What is the TSH level in primary hypothyroidism?
- High (elevated)
- Which autoantibody is responsible for Graves disease?
- TSH receptor-stimulating antibody (TSI)
- Which two autoantibodies are classically associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis?
- Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
- What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
- Iodine deficiency
- What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient (developed) countries?
- Hashimoto thyroiditis