Menopause symptom management, hormone replacement therapy risks and benefits, and bone health screening in clinical practice.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the clinical definition of menopause?
Show answer
12 consecutive months without a menstrual period- What is the average age of natural menopause in the United States?
Show answer
51 years old- What is perimenopause?
Show answer
The transitional period before menopause marked by irregular menstrual cycles and fluctuating hormones- What is premature menopause?
Show answer
Menopause occurring before age 40- What underlying process causes menopause?
Show answer
Depletion of ovarian follicles- Which hormone declines to drive menopausal symptoms?
Show answer
Estrogen (estradiol)- How does FSH level change at menopause?
Show answer
FSH rises due to loss of negative feedback from ovarian estrogen and inhibin- What is the most common vasomotor symptom of menopause?
Show answer
Hot flashes- What causes hot flashes during menopause?
Show answer
Dysfunction of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center triggered by estrogen withdrawal- What is genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM)?
Show answer
Vaginal dryness, atrophy, dyspareunia, and urinary symptoms caused by estrogen deficiency- What happens to bone density in the years after menopause?
Show answer
Bone loss accelerates due to loss of estrogen's protective effect- How does cardiovascular risk change after menopause?
Show answer
It increases- What is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe menopausal vasomotor symptoms?
Show answer
Systemic hormone therapy- What is the main risk of giving unopposed estrogen to a woman with an intact uterus?
Show answer
Endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer- Why is a progestogen added to estrogen therapy in women with a uterus?
Show answer
To protect the endometrium from unopposed estrogen stimulation
FlashKeepers