A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield neurology and psychiatry facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common cause of dementia overall?
- Alzheimer's disease
- What are the two hallmark pathologic findings in Alzheimer's disease?
- Extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (tau)
- Parkinson's disease results from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in which structure?
- Substantia nigra pars compacta
- What intracellular inclusion is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
- Lewy bodies (alpha-synuclein aggregates)
- Huntington's disease is caused by expansion of which trinucleotide repeat, on which chromosome?
- CAG repeat expansion on chromosome 4
- Huntington's disease classically causes atrophy of which brain structure?
- Caudate nucleus
- What CSF finding supports a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
- Oligoclonal bands
- What eye finding is classically associated with multiple sclerosis?
- Optic neuritis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects ____ without sensory involvement.
- both upper and lower motor neurons
- In myasthenia gravis, autoantibodies target which receptor?
- Postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic)
- How does fatigability differ between myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome?
- Myasthenia gravis worsens with repeated use; Lambert-Eaton syndrome improves with repeated use
- In Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, autoantibodies target which structure?
- Presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is most often a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with which cancer?
- Small cell lung cancer
- Guillain-Barre syndrome classically presents with what pattern of weakness?
- Ascending, symmetric weakness
- Guillain-Barre syndrome is most commonly preceded by infection with which organism?
- Campylobacter jejuni