Benign and malignant breast conditions with their hallmark clinical and histologic findings tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Fibrocystic breast changes classically present with
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Bilateral, tender, mobile lumps that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle- A fibroadenoma classically presents as
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A well-circumscribed, mobile, painless breast mass in a young woman- Fibroadenomas are known to
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Increase in size during pregnancy or with estrogen exposure- Intraductal papilloma classically presents with
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Unilateral, spontaneous, often bloody nipple discharge- Fat necrosis of the breast is most often associated with
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A history of trauma or prior surgery to the breast- Fat necrosis on mammography can mimic
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Breast cancer, due to a similar irregular calcified mass appearance- Mastitis in a breastfeeding woman is most commonly caused by
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Staphylococcus aureus- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is defined by
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Malignant cells confined within the duct without invasion through the basement membrane- Invasive ductal carcinoma is the
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Most common type of invasive breast cancer- Invasive lobular carcinoma is characterized histologically by
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Cells growing in single-file rows, often due to loss of E-cadherin- Inflammatory breast cancer classically presents with
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Skin erythema, warmth, and peau d'orange appearance from dermal lymphatic invasion- Paget disease of the breast presents with
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Eczematous, crusting changes of the nipple, often associated with an underlying ductal carcinoma- The most common site of breast cancer within the breast
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The upper outer quadrant- A major nonmodifiable risk factor for breast cancer
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Increasing age- BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase risk for which cancers
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Breast and ovarian cancer
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