Cranial nerve origins, functions, and lesion presentations tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- What is the primary function of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?
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Smell (olfaction)
- Through which skull opening does CN I pass?
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Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
- What is the primary function of the optic nerve (CN II)?
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Vision
- Through which skull opening does CN II pass?
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Optic canal
- A lesion of CN II causes what visual deficit?
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Monocular blindness in the affected eye
- Which extraocular muscles does CN III innervate?
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All extraocular muscles except the lateral rectus and superior oblique
- Through which skull opening does CN III pass?
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Superior orbital fissure
- Describe the classic resting eye position in a complete CN III palsy.
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The eye is deviated down and out
- A CN III palsy with a dilated, nonreactive pupil suggests what type of cause?
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Compressive lesion, such as a posterior communicating artery aneurysm
- A CN III palsy that spares the pupil suggests what type of cause?
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Ischemic or microvascular cause, such as diabetes
- Which muscle does CN IV innervate?
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Superior oblique
- A CN IV lesion causes difficulty with what eye movement?
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Looking down and inward, causing vertical diplopia
- What is the general sensory function of CN V?
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Sensation of the face and anterior scalp
- Besides sensation, what motor function does CN V provide?
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Muscles of mastication (chewing)
- Through which opening does the ophthalmic division (V1) of CN V pass?
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Superior orbital fissure