Shock types, hemodynamic monitoring parameters, and vasoactive drip titration concepts for the ICU nurse.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the clinical definition of shock?
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A state in which tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery are inadequate to meet the body's metabolic demands.- What are the four major categories of shock?
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Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive.- What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?
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A significant loss of intravascular volume (blood or fluid), reducing preload.- What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?
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Failure of the heart to pump effectively, reducing cardiac output.- What is the primary mechanism behind distributive shock?
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Massive vasodilation causing a relative loss of vascular tone and maldistribution of blood flow.- What is the primary mechanism behind obstructive shock?
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A physical obstruction blocks blood flow into or out of the heart, reducing cardiac output.- Name three classic causes of obstructive shock.
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Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive pulmonary embolism.- Septic shock is a subtype of which category of shock?
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Distributive shock.- What typically causes neurogenic shock?
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A spinal cord injury (often above T6) that disrupts sympathetic outflow.- What is the classic hemodynamic sign of neurogenic shock, unlike other shock types?
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Bradycardia with hypotension and warm, dry skin, from unopposed parasympathetic tone.- What is the underlying mechanism of anaphylactic shock?
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An IgE-mediated allergic reaction triggers massive histamine release, causing vasodilation and capillary leak.- What three findings make up Beck's triad, seen in cardiac tamponade?
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Hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds.- What is pulsus paradoxus?
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An exaggerated drop, greater than 10 mmHg, in systolic blood pressure during inspiration.- In early (warm) septic shock, what is the typical hemodynamic profile?
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High or normal cardiac output with low systemic vascular resistance.- In cardiogenic shock, what is the typical hemodynamic profile?
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Low cardiac output, high systemic vascular resistance, and high PAWP.
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