Shock types, hemodynamic monitoring parameters, and vasoactive drip titration concepts for the ICU nurse.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the clinical definition of shock?
- A state in which tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery are inadequate to meet the body's metabolic demands.
- What are the four major categories of shock?
- Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive.
- What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?
- A significant loss of intravascular volume (blood or fluid), reducing preload.
- What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?
- Failure of the heart to pump effectively, reducing cardiac output.
- What is the primary mechanism behind distributive shock?
- Massive vasodilation causing a relative loss of vascular tone and maldistribution of blood flow.
- What is the primary mechanism behind obstructive shock?
- A physical obstruction blocks blood flow into or out of the heart, reducing cardiac output.
- Name three classic causes of obstructive shock.
- Tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and massive pulmonary embolism.
- Septic shock is a subtype of which category of shock?
- Distributive shock.
- What typically causes neurogenic shock?
- A spinal cord injury (often above T6) that disrupts sympathetic outflow.
- What is the classic hemodynamic sign of neurogenic shock, unlike other shock types?
- Bradycardia with hypotension and warm, dry skin, from unopposed parasympathetic tone.
- What is the underlying mechanism of anaphylactic shock?
- An IgE-mediated allergic reaction triggers massive histamine release, causing vasodilation and capillary leak.
- What three findings make up Beck's triad, seen in cardiac tamponade?
- Hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds.
- What is pulsus paradoxus?
- An exaggerated drop, greater than 10 mmHg, in systolic blood pressure during inspiration.
- In early (warm) septic shock, what is the typical hemodynamic profile?
- High or normal cardiac output with low systemic vascular resistance.
- In cardiogenic shock, what is the typical hemodynamic profile?
- Low cardiac output, high systemic vascular resistance, and high PAWP.