Intracranial pressure monitoring and neuro check concepts for the critical care nurse, distinct from the medical-surgical neurological nursing deck.
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- What is intracranial pressure (ICP)?
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The pressure exerted by brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid within the skull.- What is the normal range for intracranial pressure?
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5 to 15 mmHg- At what ICP value is a patient generally considered to have intracranial hypertension?
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Above 20 mmHg- Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is calculated as ____.
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mean arterial pressure minus intracranial pressure- What is the minimum cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) generally needed to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow?
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60 mmHg- What does the Monro-Kellie doctrine state?
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The skull is a fixed space, so a rise in the volume of one intracranial component (brain, blood, or CSF) must be offset by a decrease in another or ICP will rise.- What are the three components of Cushing's triad?
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Bradycardia, hypertension with a widened pulse pressure, and irregular respirations- What does the appearance of Cushing's triad indicate?
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A late and ominous sign of severely elevated ICP and impending brain herniation- What is typically the earliest sign of increasing ICP?
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A change in level of consciousness- What is considered the gold standard device for monitoring ICP?
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An intraventricular catheter (external ventricular drain)- Besides measuring ICP, what therapeutic function can an external ventricular drain (EVD) serve?
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Draining cerebrospinal fluid to lower ICP- What external anatomical landmark is commonly used to zero and level an EVD transducer?
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The tragus of the ear- What three categories does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
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Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response- What is the highest possible score on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
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15- What GCS score range generally defines a severe brain injury?
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