Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic drug classes with mechanism and one signature toxicity per card.
44 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the mechanism of action of penicillins and other beta-lactams?
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They bind penicillin-binding proteins and inhibit transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall.- Penicillin's classic hypersensitivity reaction is ____.
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IgE-mediated anaphylaxis- Why do some penicillin-allergic patients also react to cephalosporins?
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Cephalosporins share the same beta-lactam ring structure, causing partial cross-reactivity.- What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
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It binds the D-ala-D-ala terminus of cell wall precursors, blocking transglycosylation and peptidoglycan elongation.- Rapid IV infusion of vancomycin can cause ____, a non-allergic histamine-release reaction.
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red man syndrome- What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin)?
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They bind the 30S ribosomal subunit and cause misreading of mRNA, blocking initiation.- What is the signature toxicity of aminoglycosides?
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Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity- What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
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They bind the 30S ribosomal subunit and block aminoacyl-tRNA attachment.- Tetracyclines are avoided in children and pregnancy because they cause ____.
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tooth discoloration and bone growth inhibition- What is the mechanism of action of macrolides (e.g., azithromycin)?
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They bind the 50S ribosomal subunit and block translocation.- What is the signature toxicity of macrolides?
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QT interval prolongation- What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
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They inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.- Fluoroquinolones carry a warning for ____.
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tendinitis and tendon rupture- What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
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They inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, blocking bacterial folate synthesis.- What is the signature toxicity of sulfonamides?
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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