GI tract anatomy, hepatobiliary and pancreatic pathology, and classic GI disease presentations tested on USMLE Step 1.
45 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- Which major artery supplies the foregut (stomach to proximal duodenum, liver, pancreas, spleen)?
- Celiac trunk (celiac artery)
- Which major artery supplies the midgut (distal duodenum to proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon)?
- Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
- Which major artery supplies the hindgut (distal one-third of the transverse colon to the upper rectum)?
- Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
- What anatomic landmark marks the duodenojejunal junction?
- Ligament of Treitz
- Meckel's diverticulum is a remnant of which embryologic structure?
- The vitelline (omphalomesenteric) duct
- What three structures make up the portal triad?
- Proper hepatic artery, portal vein, and common bile duct
- The pectinate (dentate) line marks the transition between which two embryologic tissue origins in the anal canal?
- Endoderm (hindgut) above and ectoderm below
- Where are Brunner's glands located and what do they secrete?
- Submucosa of the duodenum; they secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize stomach acid
- What do gastric parietal cells secrete?
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor
- What do gastric chief cells secrete?
- Pepsinogen
- Gastrin is secreted by G cells, located mainly in the ____ of the stomach.
- antrum
- What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?
- Resident macrophages that phagocytose bacteria and debris from portal blood
- What is the function of hepatic stellate (Ito) cells?
- Store vitamin A at rest; become activated to produce collagen and cause fibrosis after liver injury
- Which zone of the liver lobule is most susceptible to ischemic injury?
- Zone 3 (centrilobular/pericentral)
- Which zone of the liver lobule is affected first by viral hepatitis and by ingested toxins?
- Zone 1 (periportal)