A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield gastroenterology facts for final week review.
39 cards · mixed cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What causes achalasia?
Show answer
Loss of inhibitory ganglion cells in the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus, causing the lower esophageal sphincter to fail to relax.- What classic barium swallow finding is seen in achalasia?
Show answer
A bird beak sign, tapered narrowing at the lower esophageal sphincter with proximal esophageal dilation.- What histologic change defines Barrett esophagus?
Show answer
Metaplasia from stratified squamous to columnar epithelium with goblet cells in the distal esophagus.- What is Boerhaave syndrome?
Show answer
Full-thickness esophageal rupture, classically from forceful vomiting.- What is a Mallory-Weiss tear?
Show answer
A mucosal, partial-thickness longitudinal tear at the gastroesophageal junction, often from forceful vomiting or retching.- Plummer-Vinson syndrome consists of esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, and ____.
Show answer
dysphagia- What is the most common cause of esophageal varices?
Show answer
Portal hypertension, usually from cirrhosis.- How does eating affect pain in a gastric ulcer?
Show answer
Pain worsens with food intake.- How does eating affect pain in a duodenal ulcer?
Show answer
Pain improves with food intake, then returns two to three hours later.- Which bacterium is most strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease?
Show answer
Helicobacter pylori.- How do NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers?
Show answer
By inhibiting COX-1, reducing protective prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa.- What tumor causes Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Show answer
A gastrin-secreting tumor (gastrinoma), often located in the duodenum or pancreas.- What histologic feature defines diffuse-type gastric cancer?
Show answer
Signet ring cells infiltrating the stomach wall without forming gland structures.- What does a Virchow node indicate?
Show answer
Metastatic spread of gastric or other abdominal cancer to the left supraclavicular lymph node.- What is a Krukenberg tumor?
Show answer
A metastatic ovarian tumor, classically from a signet ring cell gastric cancer.
FlashKeepers