Upper and lower GI bleeding causes and classic endoscopic and radiographic findings tested on USMLE Step 1.
38 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the most common overall cause of upper GI bleeding?
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Gastric ulcer pain classically does what after eating?
- Worsens with food
- Duodenal ulcer pain classically does what after eating?
- Improves with food
- A posterior duodenal ulcer that erodes deeply can bleed massively by damaging which artery?
- Gastroduodenal artery
- An anterior duodenal ulcer is more likely to cause which complication rather than major bleeding?
- Perforation with free air (pneumoperitoneum)
- Esophageal varices form as a complication of what underlying condition?
- Portal hypertension
- A Mallory-Weiss tear is caused by what typical inciting event?
- Forceful vomiting or retching
- Where does a Mallory-Weiss tear classically occur?
- Longitudinal mucosal tear at the gastroesophageal junction
- How does Boerhaave syndrome differ from a Mallory-Weiss tear in depth of injury?
- Boerhaave syndrome is a full-thickness (transmural) esophageal rupture, not just a mucosal tear
- A Dieulafoy lesion is caused by bleeding from what structure?
- A dilated, aberrant submucosal artery
- Why can a Dieulafoy lesion cause massive bleeding despite having no ulcer?
- It exposes a large-caliber artery directly at the mucosal surface
- Angiodysplasia causing GI bleeding is classically associated with which cardiac valve condition?
- Aortic stenosis (Heyde syndrome)
- Chronic NSAID or alcohol use commonly causes what type of upper GI mucosal injury?
- Gastritis
- Severe GERD can erode the esophageal mucosa, causing what condition?
- Erosive esophagitis
- Hemobilia (bleeding into the biliary tree) classically presents with what clinical triad?
- GI bleeding, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice