A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield gastrointestinal and endocrine facts for final week review.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What GI hormone-secreting tumor causes recurrent, often multiple peptic ulcers by driving excess gastric acid?
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Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)- What is the most common infectious cause of duodenal ulcers?
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Helicobacter pylori- By what mechanism do NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers?
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They inhibit COX enzymes, reducing protective prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa- What type of stress ulcer is associated with severe burns?
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Curling ulcer- What type of stress ulcer is associated with increased intracranial pressure?
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Cushing ulcer- What esophageal emergency is a full-thickness (transmural) rupture, classically after forceful vomiting?
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Boerhaave syndrome- What esophageal injury is a mucosal (partial-thickness) tear at the gastroesophageal junction from forceful vomiting?
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Mallory-Weiss tear- What esophageal change results from chronic GERD causing metaplasia from squamous to columnar epithelium?
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Barrett esophagus- What esophageal motility disorder is caused by failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation from loss of myenteric plexus neurons?
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Achalasia- Plummer-Vinson syndrome triad: esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, and ____.
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dysphagia- What are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis?
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Gallstones and alcohol use- What physical exam finding is a palpable, non-tender, distended gallbladder with painless jaundice, suggesting pancreatic head cancer rather than gallstones?
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Courvoisier sign- Charcot triad for ascending cholangitis: right upper quadrant pain, fever, and ____.
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jaundice- Reynolds pentad adds hypotension and ____ to Charcot triad in suppurative cholangitis.
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altered mental status- Which antibody is most associated with celiac disease?
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Anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody
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