A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield gastrointestinal and endocrine facts for final week review.
39 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What GI hormone-secreting tumor causes recurrent, often multiple peptic ulcers by driving excess gastric acid?
- Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
- What is the most common infectious cause of duodenal ulcers?
- Helicobacter pylori
- By what mechanism do NSAIDs cause peptic ulcers?
- They inhibit COX enzymes, reducing protective prostaglandins in the gastric mucosa
- What type of stress ulcer is associated with severe burns?
- Curling ulcer
- What type of stress ulcer is associated with increased intracranial pressure?
- Cushing ulcer
- What esophageal emergency is a full-thickness (transmural) rupture, classically after forceful vomiting?
- Boerhaave syndrome
- What esophageal injury is a mucosal (partial-thickness) tear at the gastroesophageal junction from forceful vomiting?
- Mallory-Weiss tear
- What esophageal change results from chronic GERD causing metaplasia from squamous to columnar epithelium?
- Barrett esophagus
- What esophageal motility disorder is caused by failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation from loss of myenteric plexus neurons?
- Achalasia
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome triad: esophageal webs, iron deficiency anemia, and ____.
- dysphagia
- What are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis?
- Gallstones and alcohol use
- What physical exam finding is a palpable, non-tender, distended gallbladder with painless jaundice, suggesting pancreatic head cancer rather than gallstones?
- Courvoisier sign
- Charcot triad for ascending cholangitis: right upper quadrant pain, fever, and ____.
- jaundice
- Reynolds pentad adds hypotension and ____ to Charcot triad in suppurative cholangitis.
- altered mental status
- Which antibody is most associated with celiac disease?
- Anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody