Electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and heat and cold therapy modality parameters and indications tested on the NPTE.
34 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the primary purpose of NMES (neuromuscular electrical stimulation) in rehab?
- To elicit muscle contraction and prevent or reverse disuse atrophy.
- What pulse frequency range is typical for conventional (high-rate) TENS?
- 50 to 100 pulses per second.
- Which pain theory explains the mechanism of conventional (high-rate) TENS?
- Gate control theory.
- According to gate control theory, stimulating which afferent fibers closes the spinal pain gate?
- Large-diameter A-beta afferent fibers.
- What pulse frequency range is typical for low-rate (acupuncture-like) TENS?
- 1 to 4 pulses per second.
- What pain-relief mechanism is associated with low-rate (acupuncture-like) TENS?
- Release of endogenous opioids (beta-endorphins).
- What does interferential current (IFC) do with two medium-frequency currents?
- Crosses them through the tissue so they interfere, producing a lower beat frequency at the intersection.
- What is a key clinical use of high volt pulsed current (HVPC)?
- Wound healing and edema reduction.
- What carrier frequency is typically used in Russian current?
- About 2500 Hz.
- What type of electrical current is required to stimulate a denervated muscle?
- Direct current with a long pulse duration, since the muscle lacks a functioning myoneural junction.
- What is a cardiac contraindication to electrical stimulation?
- A demand-type cardiac pacemaker.
- What ultrasound frequency is used to heat deeper tissue, up to about 5 cm?
- 1 MHz.
- What ultrasound frequency is used to heat more superficial tissue, about 1 to 2 cm deep?
- 3 MHz.
- What duty cycle is used for thermal (continuous) ultrasound?
- 100 percent (continuous).
- What duty cycle is typical for nonthermal (pulsed) ultrasound?
- About 20 percent.