Common poisonous plant, mushroom, and venomous animal envenomation presentations and initial management.
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- What toxic alkaloid is the main poison in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)?
- Coniine
- What is the usual cause of death in severe poison hemlock poisoning?
- Respiratory paralysis (the diaphragm stops working)
- What toxic compound is found in water hemlock (Cicuta species)?
- Cicutoxin
- What class of toxin does foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) contain?
- Cardiac glycosides
- What visual disturbance is classically associated with digitalis (cardiac glycoside) toxicity?
- Yellow-green halos around lights (xanthopsia)
- What class of toxin does oleander (Nerium oleander) contain?
- Cardiac glycosides, similar to digoxin
- What is the antidote for severe, life-threatening cardiac glycoside toxicity?
- Digoxin immune Fab
- What deadly toxin is found in castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds?
- Ricin
- At the cellular level, how does ricin cause cell death?
- It inhibits ribosomal protein synthesis
- What toxic alkaloid is found in deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)?
- Atropine
- What toxidrome does jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) ingestion typically produce?
- Anticholinergic toxidrome
- What cyanogenic compound is found in apple seeds and raw cassava?
- Amygdalin
- What is the antidote of choice for cyanide poisoning?
- Hydroxocobalamin
- At the cellular level, how does cyanide cause toxicity?
- It inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, blocking cellular respiration
- What compound is responsible for the toxicity of rhubarb leaves?
- Oxalic acid