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Toxicology · Toxicology

Toxicology: Environmental and Occupational Toxins

Carbon monoxide, pesticides, and occupational solvent exposure presentations and management concepts.

30 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.

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What is the main source of carbon monoxide exposure?
Incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels
Carbon monoxide binds hemoglobin to form ____, which prevents normal oxygen transport.
carboxyhemoglobin
How much higher is carbon monoxide's binding affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen?
About 200 to 250 times higher
What are the early, often misdiagnosed symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Headache, dizziness, and nausea, often mistaken for flu
Why can standard pulse oximetry give a falsely normal reading in carbon monoxide poisoning?
It cannot distinguish carboxyhemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin
What test directly measures carboxyhemoglobin level in the blood?
Co-oximetry
What classic skin finding is described in severe carbon monoxide poisoning?
Cherry red skin color
What is the first-line treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning?
High-flow 100 percent oxygen
What treatment is reserved for severe carbon monoxide poisoning?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
What is a common occupational or environmental setup that causes carbon monoxide poisoning?
Running a generator or faulty furnace in a poorly ventilated space
What enzyme do organophosphate pesticides inhibit?
Acetylcholinesterase
What happens at synapses when acetylcholinesterase is inhibited by organophosphates?
Acetylcholine accumulates excessively
What does the SLUDGE mnemonic describe in organophosphate poisoning?
Cholinergic symptoms: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI distress, emesis
What pupil finding is seen in organophosphate poisoning?
Miosis, or constricted pupils
What is the first-line antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
Atropine

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