Common drug overdose and withdrawal syndrome presentations and their time course, one substance per card.
35 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- What is the classic triad of opioid overdose?
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Pinpoint (miotic) pupils, respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness (coma)- What drug is the antidote for opioid overdose?
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Naloxone- What is a classic physical sign of opioid withdrawal caused by autonomic activation?
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Piloerection (goosebumps)- When do withdrawal symptoms typically begin after the last dose of a short-acting opioid like heroin?
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About 6 to 12 hours after the last dose- What is the typical presentation of a pure benzodiazepine overdose?
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CNS depression with sedation, slurred speech, and ataxia, usually without significant respiratory depression- What drug can reverse benzodiazepine overdose?
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Flumazenil- What is the most dangerous complication of benzodiazepine withdrawal?
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Seizures- When does alcohol withdrawal tremor typically begin after the last drink?
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About 6 to 12 hours after the last drink- When do alcohol withdrawal seizures typically peak?
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About 12 to 48 hours after the last drink- When does delirium tremens typically begin after the last drink?
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About 48 to 96 hours (2 to 4 days) after the last drink- What are the hallmark features of delirium tremens?
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Severe confusion, hallucinations, and marked autonomic instability- What toxidrome does a cocaine overdose produce?
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Sympathomimetic toxidrome: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, agitation, and dilated pupils- Why can cocaine overdose cause chest pain and myocardial infarction?
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Cocaine causes coronary artery vasospasm- What symptoms characterize the stimulant withdrawal 'crash' after cocaine or amphetamine use?
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Fatigue, depressed mood, hypersomnia, and increased appetite- Why is barbiturate overdose especially dangerous compared to benzodiazepine overdose?
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It has a steep dose-response curve causing severe respiratory depression, and there is no reversal agent
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