A condensed rapid review pass over the highest yield pulmonary pathology and physiology facts for final week review.
40 cards · basic cards · AI-written, checked twice. Edit anything.
- In obstructive lung disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is ____.
- decreased
- In restrictive lung disease, the FEV1/FVC ratio is ____.
- normal or increased
- What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?
- Productive cough for at least 3 months per year, for 2 consecutive years
- In emphysema, what lung structure is destroyed?
- Alveolar walls (airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole)
- How does alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency cause emphysema?
- Unopposed neutrophil elastase destroys alveolar walls
- Panacinar emphysema is classically associated with what condition?
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema is most strongly associated with what exposure?
- Cigarette smoking
- Airway obstruction in asthma is driven by what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
- Type I (IgE-mediated) hypersensitivity
- What are Curschmann spirals, found in asthmatic sputum?
- Spiral-shaped mucus plugs from small airways
- Charcot-Leyden crystals in asthma sputum are derived from which cell type?
- Eosinophils
- How is bronchiectasis defined structurally?
- Permanent, abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles
- Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutation in which gene?
- CFTR
- The CFTR gene is located on chromosome ____.
- 7
- What is the most common CFTR mutation causing cystic fibrosis?
- Delta F508 (deletion of phenylalanine at position 508)
- What classic high-resolution CT finding is seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
- Honeycomb lung (subpleural cystic changes)