Sleep disorder classifications and eating disorder diagnostic criteria and complications tested on USMLE Step 1.
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- Which brain region loses orexin (hypocretin) neurons in narcolepsy?
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The lateral hypothalamus- What typically triggers a cataplexy attack in narcolepsy?
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A strong emotion, such as laughter- How is REM latency affected in narcolepsy?
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It is markedly shortened- On the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, what mean sleep latency supports a narcolepsy diagnosis?
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Less than 8 minutes- How many sleep-onset REM periods (SOREMPs) on the MSLT are required to diagnose narcolepsy?
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Two or more- What are hallucinations that occur while falling asleep called?
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Hypnagogic hallucinations- What are hallucinations that occur while waking up called?
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Hypnopompic hallucinations- What is the first-line stimulant for excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy?
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Modafinil- What medication is used to treat cataplexy in narcolepsy?
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Sodium oxybate- What is the mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea?
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Repeated collapse of the upper airway despite continued respiratory effort- What is the mechanism of central sleep apnea?
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Absent respiratory effort due to impaired brainstem signaling- What is the major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea?
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Obesity- What cardiovascular complication can result from untreated obstructive sleep apnea?
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Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale- What is the gold standard diagnostic test for sleep apnea?
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Polysomnography- During which sleep stage do sleep terrors occur?
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Stage N3, slow wave sleep
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