GI tract organ structure, accessory organ function, and digestive and absorptive processes for allied health students.
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- What are the four layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost to outermost?
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Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa- What is the function of the submucosal (Meissner) plexus?
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It helps regulate local blood flow and glandular secretion in the GI tract wall- What is the function of the myenteric (Auerbach) plexus?
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It controls motility (contraction) of the muscularis externa- What forms the serosa, the outermost layer of most GI organs?
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Visceral peritoneum- What is the function of the mesentery?
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It suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall and carries its blood vessels and nerves- What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?
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It folds over the trachea to keep food and liquid out of the airway- What propels a food bolus through the esophagus toward the stomach?
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Peristalsis, a wave of muscle contraction- What is the function of the lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter?
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It prevents stomach contents from refluxing back into the esophagus- What are rugae?
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Folds in the stomach lining that allow it to expand as it fills- What are the four regions of the stomach, from the esophagus to the small intestine?
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Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus- What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
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It controls the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum- What are the three segments of the small intestine, in order?
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Duodenum, jejunum, ileum- Which segment of the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic secretions?
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Duodenum- What is the function of the ileocecal valve?
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It regulates the flow of material from the small intestine into the large intestine- What is the main absorptive function of the large intestine?
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Reclaiming water and electrolytes from the remaining digestive material
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