Coagulation cascade factors, PT/INR and PTT testing, and common bleeding and clotting disorder terminology.
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- What is the purpose of the coagulation cascade?
- To form a stable fibrin clot to stop bleeding
- What two pathways converge into the common pathway of coagulation?
- The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
- What test measures the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways?
- Prothrombin time (PT)
- What test measures the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways?
- Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
- What is the INR used for?
- To standardize PT results across laboratories, mainly to monitor warfarin therapy
- What coagulation factor deficiency does hemophilia A involve?
- Factor VIII deficiency
- What coagulation factor deficiency does hemophilia B involve?
- Factor IX deficiency
- Which coagulation factor is deficient or dysfunctional in von Willebrand disease?
- Von Willebrand factor
- What is the role of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis?
- It mediates platelet adhesion to damaged vessel walls and stabilizes factor VIII
- What vitamin is required for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X?
- Vitamin K
- Why does warfarin therapy prolong the PT/INR?
- Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis
- What test is used to monitor unfractionated heparin therapy?
- aPTT
- What is the mechanism of action of heparin?
- It potentiates antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa
- What test is used to monitor high-dose heparin therapy during procedures such as cardiac bypass?
- Activated clotting time (ACT)
- What is D-dimer testing used to evaluate?
- The presence of fibrin degradation products, used to help rule out venous thromboembolism
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