Coagulation cascade factors, PT/INR and PTT testing, and common bleeding and clotting disorder terminology.
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- What is the purpose of the coagulation cascade?
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To form a stable fibrin clot to stop bleeding- What two pathways converge into the common pathway of coagulation?
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The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways- What test measures the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways?
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Prothrombin time (PT)- What test measures the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways?
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Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)- What is the INR used for?
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To standardize PT results across laboratories, mainly to monitor warfarin therapy- What coagulation factor deficiency does hemophilia A involve?
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Factor VIII deficiency- What coagulation factor deficiency does hemophilia B involve?
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Factor IX deficiency- Which coagulation factor is deficient or dysfunctional in von Willebrand disease?
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Von Willebrand factor- What is the role of von Willebrand factor in hemostasis?
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It mediates platelet adhesion to damaged vessel walls and stabilizes factor VIII- What vitamin is required for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX, and X?
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Vitamin K- Why does warfarin therapy prolong the PT/INR?
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Warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factor synthesis- What test is used to monitor unfractionated heparin therapy?
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aPTT- What is the mechanism of action of heparin?
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It potentiates antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and factor Xa- What test is used to monitor high-dose heparin therapy during procedures such as cardiac bypass?
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Activated clotting time (ACT)- What is D-dimer testing used to evaluate?
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The presence of fibrin degradation products, used to help rule out venous thromboembolism
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